The aspect of these colonies initially led to the incorrect assumption that the organism was a fungus and to the name actinomyces, ray fungus from greek actis, ray, beam and mykes, fungus. Sep 25, 2018 actinomycosis is a rare, infectious disease in which bacteria spread from one part of the body to another through body tissues. Pulmonary actinomycosis european respiratory society. We report, perhaps for the first time, the simultaneous occurrence of two such conditions in one patient, in a case that emphasizes the importance. Sodium iodide is the treatment of choice in ruminant actinomycosis. Actinomycetes have gained interest in agroindustry as a source of biologically active compounds, biocontrol agents, and pgprs. Hyphae nonfragmented, aerial mycelium with chains of spores with 5 to 50 or more conidia per chain e. The appendix, followed by the right colon, is the most common intraabdominal organ involved in actinomycosis. Ppt actinomycetes powerpoint presentation free to view.
Actinomyces species may form endospores, and, while individual bacteria are rodshaped, actinomyces colonies form funguslike branched networks of hyphae. Based on the anatomic site of lesions four clinical forms of actinomycosis are recognized. Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections. Actinomyces are anaerobic, while nocardia and streptomyces are aerobic. Actinomyces and nocardia are a group of filamentous bacteria belonging to the same class, actinobacteria, and same order, actinomycetales. Actinomycetes free download as powerpoint presentation. The classification is based on hyphal and reproductive structures. Actinomycosis infectious diseases msd manual professional. Pulmonary actinomycosis can also be detected in children without any risk factors for the disease and the most common presentation is the chest. Since the infection spreads so slowly, actinomycosis was first thought to be a fungal infection.
They belong to the order of actinomycetales, family actinomycetaceae, genus actinomyces. They are opportunists that can sometimes produce indolent, slowly progressive diseases. Actinomycosis pictures, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. Several species can cause actinomycosis and can be polymicrobial infection actinomyces is a gram positive, nonsporeforming anaerobic or microaerophilic bacterial rod. Actinomyces israelii causes most actinomyces infections in humans, although other forms such as actinomyces odontolyticus, actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces meyeri, actinomyces. Thoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species, especially actinomyces israelii. Ppt actinomycetesactinomyces kadek sumadewi academia. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their. Actinomyces viscosus is a human and animal pathogenpathobiont which colonises the mouths of 70% of adult humans. The mycelium in some species may break apart to form rod or coccoidshaped forms.
It is characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge sulfur granules. The actinomycetes include actinomyces itself, which forms spores on sporophores. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about. Actinomycosis is a rare infection, especially in the united states. Jason daniels, elizabeth montgomery, in surgical pathology of the gi tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas second edition, 2009. If signs of iodine toxicity develop eg, dandruff, diarrhea, anorexia, coughing, and excessive lacrimation, iodine administration should be discontinued or. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. The etiology of infection in skin is commonly linked with a traumatic injury, human bite or a perforating injury, which creates an anaerobic environment for actinomyces israelii to grow in j clin diagn res. The mycelium in some species may break apart to form rod. Dec 15, 2012 thoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species, especially actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis is caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, nonsporeforming bacteria. Apart from neoplastic processes, chronic disfiguring and destructive diseases of the mandible are uncommon.
The localized lesion enlarges, abscesses form, and draining sinus tracts which ruptures with formation. Physicians must be aware of typical clinical presentations such as cervicofacial actinomycosis following dental focus of infection, pelvic actinomycosis in women with an intrauterine device, and pulmonary. The actinomycetes encompass two different groups of filamentous bacteria. If any evidence of abscesses is present or if patient symptomatic and you are unable to rule out abscesses on exam, refer to er for possible hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Actinomycosis is a chronic or slowly progressive infection caused by various bacterial species of the actinomyces genus, most commonly actinomyces israelii. Jun 10, 2012 actinomyces infections are commonly polymicrobial. Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, and slowly progressive granulomatous disease caused by filamentous gram positive anaerobic bacteria from the actinomycetaceae family genus actinomyces. The actinomycetes are characterized by a filamentous or rodandcoccus structure and the presence of lateral protuberances. Even when the clinical suspicion is high, the disease is commonly confused with other chronic suppurative lung diseases and with malignancy. Matee department of microbiology and immunology school of medicine muchs tuesday, november 8, 2005. They cause human disease with prominent skin involvement. Actinomycosis is a chronic disease characterized by abscess appear as. Streptomycetes, ray fungi, a group of microorganisms combining the traits of bacteria and fungi.
The infectious bacterial disease, when it affects humans, can range from subacute to chronic. Actinomycete data for water bodies have to be interpreted with caution and with understanding of organism biology. Floresgallegos, erika navareyna, in enzymes in food biotechnology, 2019. Actinomycosis is an infrequent invasive bacterial disease that has been recognized for over a century. Oct 10, 2019 actinomycosis is a subacutetochronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, anaerobictomicroaerophilic bacteria. Jul 05, 2014 actinomyces israelii is the most prevalent species isolated in human infections and is found in most clinical forms of actinomycosis. They are considered as the biotechnologically valuable bacteria that are. Actinomyces odontolyticus thoracopulmonary infections chest. Under normal circumstances, it is harmless to humans. Pdf actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by actinomyces spp. Microbiological and clinical aspects of cervicofacial actinomyces. When they colonize the vagina and cervix, they generally do so without causing symptoms. Isolation of actinomycetes from soil stephen kugbere agadagba department of biochemistry, faculty of life sciences, university of benin, benin city, nigeria abstract the main focus of this study was to isolate some antibiotic producing actinomycetes strains from soil. Pap test report noting actinomyces or actinomyceslike organisms.
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. Actinomycosis is a subacutetochronic bacterial infection caused by filamentous, grampositive, nonacidfast, anaerobictomicroaerophilic bacteria. Mukhtar s, zaheer a, aiysha d, malik ka, mehnaz s 2017 actinomycetes. Actinomyces is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. Assessment possible actinomycosis in a woman using an iud. Actinomyces israelii is a filamentous anaerobic grampositive bacterium that is part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal tract. Actinomyces free download as powerpoint presentation. Nocardia stain partially acidfast, actinomyces and streptomyces are not acidfast.
Actinomyces israelii is an uncommon cause of appendicitis. Actinomycosis oxford academic journals oxford university press. Actinomycosis is a polymicrobial infection that occurs extremely rare in humans and more often in animals. A heterogeneous collection of bacteria that form branching filaments. The filamentous bacteria are a normal commensal inhabitant of the oral and buccal cavities, gastrointestinal tract and female genitalia. It is usually seen in immunocompetent patients with respiratory disorders, poor oral hygiene, alcoholism and chronic debilitating diseases. Actinomyces and nocardia are grampositive rods characterized by filamentous, treelike branching growth, which has caused them to be confused with fungi in the past. Actinomycetes page 6 actinomycetes order three genera actinomyces species nocardia species streptomyces species gram positive filamentous. Actinomycetes article about actinomycetes by the free. Actinomyces species are facultatively anaerobic except a. Actinomyces and nocardia sherris medical microbiology.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The first patient presented 10 months after singlelung transplant with a subacute apical infiltrate in the native lung and responded to therapy with oral penicillin. Do not forget nocardia asteroides nocardia asteroides is found in the soil. The continued development of advanced molecular methods has led to the identification of additional actinomyces species isolated from human material, with a total of 25 actinomyces and actinomyces. Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections clinical. A related genus, streptomyces, is of medical importance as a producer of many antibiotics, but it rarely causes infections. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel actinomyces species have been described. Actinomycetes also refers as filamentous actinobacteria and acts as a connecting link between the bacteria and fungi as it shows resemblance with both. Mandibular actinomyces osteomyelitis complicating florid. Diagnosis is by the typical appearance plus laboratory identification. Actinomycosis is a chronic localized or hematogenous anaerobic infection caused by actinomyces israelii and other species of actinomyces. In 1879, hartz first observed the microscopic appearance of granules of actinomyces infection1. To date, multiple different clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, as various anatomical sites. Within actinomycetes, streptomyces is the most used.
Actinomycosis form indurated masses with fibrous walls and central loculations with pus pus contains sulfur granules gritty, yellow white average diameter 2mm composed of mineralized mycelial mass chronic infection form burrowing sinus tracts to skin or mucus membranes discharge purulent material. Actinomycosis actinomycosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by actinomyces species such as actinomyces israelii or a. In this article, definition, characteristics, classification and economic importance of actinomycetes are explained. What is actinomyctes grampositive, pleomorphic nonspore forming, nonacidfast anaerobic or microaerophilic bacilli of the genus actinomyctes and the order actinomycetales cause actinomycosis. It has different clinical forms, including the one affecting. Sodium iodide 70 mgkg of a 10%20% solution, iv is given once and repeated several times at 7 to 10day intervals. Inhalation of this organism by an immunocompromised person causes nocardiosis. Microorganisms under this category were wrongly classified as fungi for a long time, because of their tendency to produce branching filaments, mimicking radiating hyphae from the greek. Source, identification, and their applications mukesh sharma, pinki dangi and meenakshi choudhary department of biotechnology, jaipur institute of biotechnology, maharaj vinayak global university, jaipur rajasthan india corresponding author a b s t r a c t production of primary and secondary metabolites int. Actinomycosis definition actinomyces are prokaryotic bacteria, which are present in the gi tract.
We illustrate the radiological manifestations of thoracic actinomycoses in various involved areas in the thorax. Dec 19, 2016 actinomycosis is almost invariably a synergistically mixed infection of several species of actinomyces and other bacteria some would consider the plural actinomycoses more correct because of this polyaetiology. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The causal relationship between actinomycetes and taste and odour problems is thus presumptive until confirmed izaguirre and devall, 1995. Over time, it can result in linked abscesses, pain, and inflammation. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Actinomyces are normal inhabitants of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract, and do not cause an infection unless there is a break in the skin or mucosa. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Actinobacteria, which share the characteristics of both bacteria and fungi, are widely distributed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, mainly in soil, where they play an essential role in recycling refractory biomaterials by decomposing complex mixtures of polymers in dead plants and animals and fungal materials. Actinomyces israelii an overview sciencedirect topics. Oct 11, 2011 actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, and slowly progressive granulomatous disease caused by filamentous gram positive anaerobic bacteria from the actinomycetaceae family genus actinomyces. Actinomycete, order actinomycetales, any member of a heterogeneous group of grampositive, generally anaerobic bacteria noted for a filamentous and branching growth pattern that results, in most forms, in an extensive colony, or mycelium.
The second patient developed pyogenic mediastinitis 25 days after a heartlung transplant and required sternal. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare but important and challenging diagnosis to make. If any evidence of abscesses is present or if patient symptomatic and you are unable to rule out. The presence of actinomycosis is usually detected by the appearance of sulfur granules on routine pap smears. If patient with a pap smear report suggesting acti nomyces has signs or. Actinomycosis is a rare, infectious disease in which bacteria spread from one part of the body to another through body tissues.